Bartlett: A History of Political Gridlock
Bruce Bartlett writes:
With the likely prospect that we will have divided government once again starting in January, I was curious about how often we have had unified government control or divided control throughout our history. I compiled the following data beginning with establishment of the modern two-party system with the rise of the Republican Party in the 1850s. It shows that unified government has been more the norm throughout history, with 91 years of unified government and 63 years of divided government. My hope is that those more statistically and graphically literate than I am may find correlations with economic growth and other variables.
Government Control, 1857-2010
Year White House Senate House Control 1857 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1858 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1859 Dem Dem Rep Divided 1860 Dem Dem Rep Divided 1861 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1862 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1863 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1864 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1865 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1866 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1867 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1868 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1869 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1870 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1871 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1872 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1873 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1874 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1875 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1876 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1877 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1878 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1879 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1880 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1881 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1882 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1883 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1884 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1885 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1886 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1887 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1888 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1889 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1890 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1891 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1892 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1893 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1894 Dem Rep Dem Divided 1895 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1896 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1897 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1898 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1899 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1900 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1901 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1902 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1903 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1904 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1905 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1906 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1907 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1908 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1909 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1910 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1911 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1912 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1913 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1914 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1915 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1916 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1917 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1918 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1919 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1920 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1921 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1922 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1923 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1924 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1925 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1926 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1927 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1928 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1929 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1930 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1931 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1932 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1933 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1934 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1935 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1936 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1937 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1938 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1939 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1940 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1941 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1942 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1943 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1944 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1945 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1946 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1947 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1948 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1949 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1950 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1951 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1952 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1953 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1954 Rep Rep Rep Unified 1955 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1956 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1957 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1958 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1959 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1960 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1961 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1962 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1963 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1964 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1965 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1966 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1967 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1968 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1969 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1970 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1971 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1972 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1973 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1974 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1975 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1976 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1977 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1978 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1979 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1980 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1981 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1982 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1983 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1984 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1985 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1986 Rep Rep Dem Divided 1987 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1988 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1989 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1990 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1991 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1992 Rep Dem Dem Divided 1993 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1994 Dem Dem Dem Unified 1995 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1996 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1997 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1998 Dem Rep Rep Divided 1999 Dem Rep Rep Divided 2000 Dem Rep Rep Divided 2001 Rep Rep Rep Unified 2002 Rep Dem Rep Divided 2003 Rep Rep Rep Unified 2004 Rep Rep Rep Unified 2005 Rep Rep Rep Unified 2006 Rep Rep Rep Unified 2007 Rep Dem Dem Divided 2008 Rep Dem Dem Divided 2009 Dem Dem Dem Unified 2010 Dem Dem DemUnified